Breadboards

Build and rebuild circuits without soldering a single joint.

A breadboard is a reusable prototyping board full of spring-loaded holes, internally connected in short rows. Push component legs and wires into the holes to build a circuit; pull them out to change it.

• The two long strips down each edge are power rails — usually one for positive, one for ground — connected along their full length.
• The rows in the middle section are connected in short groups of five, running across the central gap (which is sized to fit chips), not along the whole board.
• Nothing is soldered, so mistakes cost nothing — this is where you should build every circuit in this course before making it permanent.